Words such as "Khrushchev", "Stalin" are incomprehensible to modern Europeans, uninitiated in Russian reality. These concepts characterize the layout options, more precisely, imply the unofficial name of residential buildings. Apartments Khrushchev appeared during the reign in the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev. They are typical small-sized rooms with low ceilings, small separate bathrooms and toilets. Given the relevance of the housing issue, many Russian families are happy with such an acquisition, and are trying by any means to make them cozy, comfortable for living.
Differences between Stalin and Khrushchev
Stalin women have high ceilings, a comfortable layout, they have always been considered an elite housing. Only the best representatives of the Soviet intelligentsia, as well as valuable employees of various government departments, received housing in such houses. The Khrushchevs are tiny, the ceilings in the rooms are not high, such housing went to ordinary citizens.
Advantages and disadvantages of Khrushchev
Small-sized housing is characterized by a lot of minuses. Household and residential premises have a minimum area, there are difficulties with redevelopment. The bathroom and toilet resemble a closet, they are absolutely not like their "brothers" even in European hotels. The window size in Khrushchev is so small that the installation of modern double-glazed windows requires an individual approach. In such houses there is practically no noise and sound insulation, conversations are heard in the apartment of the neighbors.
Despite the huge number of shortcomings, millions of Russians live in such apartments all their lives. There is a similar layout and advantages. Compared to the stalinkas, Khrushchev has more modern engineering communications, so it is easier to create conditions that are comfortable for living. The wiring in the stalinks is not designed for severe overloads, often short circuits occur. In Khrushchev, no such problems were identified, only in case of violation of the network operation rules.
Ceiling Features
The ceiling height in Khrushchev is 2.5 meters, which is a serious problem. If the owner of the housing is of medium height, he can reach the ceiling with his hand. When warming the floor and using a stretch ceiling, the height decreases dramatically, the apartment turns out uncomfortable and uncomfortable for residents. In stalinka, the ceiling height is from three meters, you can make stretch ceilings, insulate the floor.
How to make a beautiful ceiling?
In Khrushchev, crowding begins at the entrance. Narrow platforms, problems when moving up stairs with bulky goods are commonplace for such houses. In large-block buildings (GI), ceilings reach 2.5 meters. Kitchens and sanitary rooms resemble small storage rooms. In panel structures I-355, I-515/5, I-515 / 9sh, the ceilings have the following heights of 2.55, 2.48, 2.55 m, respectively. In the 606th series, ceilings are 2.7 m, but housing is considered an economy class option.
In 111-90 and 111-96 large-panel houses, ceilings reach a height of 2.64 meters. It will have to make a lot of effort in order to visually expand the tiny space. The ceiling height in Khrushchev helped to save on construction, to build more housing. In addition, heating costs were significantly reduced, the number of square meters increased.
If the ceiling height in Khrushchev was three meters, the houses would be one floor lower, and a much smaller number of families would receive the long-awaited apartments. In those days, many people huddled in barracks and communal apartments. They were sincerely glad even to small apartments.
Tension and hinged structures for ceilings can significantly change the appearance of the room. Since the standard ceiling height in Khrushchev is 2.5 meters, a similar design option does not suit them. The room will seem squat, the structure will “eat up” additional centimeters of free space.
In the case of a professional approach, the height of the ceilings in Khrushchev will not become an obstacle to the implementation of design ideas. Along the perimeter, the ceiling height is made smaller, in the center they form a niche with original mirror inserts or they stretch a glossy ceiling. Small Khrushchevs are not a reason to refuse to use modern finishing materials, to be limited to painting or whitewashing.
Wallpapering the ceiling
This is the easiest way to decorate the ceiling structure in Khrushchev, it does not imply a reduction in free space. The material can be simple wallpaper or special polymer ceiling tiles with a beautiful design. The use of such materials guarantees an aesthetic ceiling. First, the base surface is leveled, glued onto liquid nails or certain adhesive compositions of a plate or wallpaper. The cost of such repairs will be minimal, but the result is impressive.
Stretch ceiling
If you want to equip a suspended ceiling structure in an apartment, choose not multi-level options, but a classic single-level system. It involves the use of profiles with a slight thickness, so the space in the room will be stolen to a minimum. The distance between the main surface and the tension web should not be more than 3 cm, then the ceiling height in the Khrushchev will almost not decrease. Built-in lighting devices are able to lower the ceiling by almost 5 centimeters. It is better not to use them in apartments of this type. If you want to hide utilities under the ceiling, you will need at least 15 cm, which is unacceptable in the case of small-sized dwellings.
The ideal solution, given the size of the window in Khrushchev, would be to use a mirror or glossy canvas in white. Scattering and reflection visually expand the room.
If you have Khrushchev, planning its ceiling is a laborious process. When installing the tension option, consider the risk of frequent cuts, punctures. The possibility of reflowing the canvas increases in those places where lighting fixtures are installed, so the use of LED lamps will be the best solution.
Redevelopment
If you have Khrushchev, its layout is probably inconvenient for living. That is why many owners of such housing are trying to change something in it. Such events require consideration of the features of the architectural and technical plan of the building, coordination of redevelopment with BTI. There is no need to tear down the walls in order to adjust the rooms. First you need to move the doorway. As a result, you will win in the square.
If the door is located in the center of the smaller wall, it is moved to another place, as close as possible to the corner of the room.
Swing doorways have a significant drawback - a huge space for closing, so they are changed to a compartment or an accordion system.
At the next stage, redevelopment visually expand the space due to window blocks. In this way, the number of square meters in the apartment cannot be increased, but with a frameless design of window openings, the visual effect is sure to please.
Division into zones
Zoning a trapezoidal or rectangular room helps to create a working corner, a "bedroom", a living room in a small apartment. There are certain rules of this process that require a logical separation of one zone from another, taking into account the location of the source of natural light.
The working area is located in the far corner, separating a translucent screen from the territory for recreation. We do not recommend placing the workplace between the window and the entrance, it should be in the corner of the room. It is more practical to make a bedroom a single relaxation room, without distinguishing zones in it.
Choose an interior
In a small apartment, it is difficult to imagine, for example, the antique style, it requires large spaces, high ceilings. In Khrushchev, you need to combine light colors with wall decoration, a minimal amount of furniture.
Minimalism is ideal for arranging rooms. A contrasting and austere interior will maximize the use of free space. The design should be dominated by a light tone: ivory, white, sand, beige, gray as a contrast and complement.
The color chosen for the background should be present on all types of planes: walls, floor, ceiling, large elements of furniture. For decorating surfaces, dark shades are allowed.
Features of the Khrushchev
The ceiling height in Khrushchevka is on average 2.5 m, however, despite the fact that all houses were built according to standard designs, in some buildings the level of the upper floor in apartments is slightly lower or higher. In brick and panel Khrushchev, the height of the walls varies from 2.48 to 2.6 m.
Also, this indicator is affected by the repair work carried out in the apartment, for example, after floor insulation or replacement of the floor covering.
Disadvantages and solutions
In addition to the low location, the ceiling in Khrushchev often has another drawback - an uneven surface. It can be difficult to get rid of this flaw by the most popular method today - installing a tension web - because such structures will further reduce the height of the walls.
However, it is still possible to improve the appearance of the room, to hide defects in the surface of the upper floor. There are several ways to do this.
Painting and wallpapering
Modern building materials allow you to cope with most of the shortcomings of a concrete slab on your own: close up cracks and ditches, eliminate bumps, level surfaces. After carrying out these works, sanding and priming the ceiling, it can be painted with water-based acrylic paint - a similar budget solution is still popular, despite the abundance of alternative options.
A simple and effective method of decoration that does not affect the height of the walls in the room is wallpapering.
The surfaces are pre-leveled, and then pasted over with wallpaper, which can subsequently be painted with water-based emulsion or acrylic paint.
The ceiling finished in this way looks aesthetically pleasing, and the repair costs will be minimal. In addition, the coating can be cleaned as it gets dirty, removing stains with a damp cloth. Most wallpapers for painting can be repainted several times, so if you want to refresh the interior, it is easy to change the color of the ceiling.
Suspension and Tension Structures
Drywall constructions will cost more than previous versions. Their main advantage is the ability to quickly level the surface of the ceiling.
Such structures do not require careful alignment of the concrete floor, they are easy to install, and after installation in the room there will not be a large amount of construction waste.
Installation of a stretch ceiling made of PVC film or fabric in Khrushchev is possible, however, in this case it is important to pay attention to the thickness of the structure.
There are stretch ceilings that are placed at a distance of 3 cm from the concrete base. They do not leave the possibility of simultaneously installing built-in lights and do not allow masking communications (this will require installations that take up to 15 cm from the height of the walls), but they help to hide all defects and irregularities in the concrete floor. They can be safely used in Khrushchev.
Visual increase in ceiling height
The low ceiling height in Khrushchev is one of the main problems. During the repair, apartment owners are forced to pay attention to this feature of the room, and think about how to hide this defect.
In order to make the walls higher, you can use several tricks:
- Choose wallpaper with a vertical pattern and do not divide the walls with a border.
- If you plan to install a stretch ceiling, then it is worth giving preference to glossy canvases of light colors. Mirror surfaces reflecting light create the effect of a large space, visually increasing the area of the room.
- Install a two-level design. For rooms with low walls, ceilings are best suited, the lower level of which is placed around the perimeter, and the main central part is raised. Thanks to the second level, the height of the ceilings in Khrushchev will seem somewhat higher than it actually is.
- Designers recommend that owners of rooms with low ceilings furnish their homes with low furniture, and use window curtains sewn from weightless translucent fabrics as window decor.
Finishing ceilings in Khrushchev so as to emphasize the few advantages of the room is not easy. However, with the help of modern materials and technologies, this is still possible. Even at the initial stages of the repair, you should carefully consider what technique to use to visually raise the ceiling.
Height
During the reign of Nikita Khrushchev, the government set the task of providing all young families with their own housing. The huge need of the population for apartments required the state to solve this problem as massively and in a short time. That is why the main leitmotif of development in subsequent years has become utter minimalism and functionality.
Priority was given to the construction of five-story buildings. Moreover, the houses were built of panels: brickwork was too expensive material.
Where did the 5-floor limit come from? Everything is simple - this is the maximum permissible height at which an elevator may not be installed in an apartment building. Its installation required a lot of money - it was an unacceptable luxury for the Soviet people in that difficult period for the country.
The task of saving on everything that was possible did not bypass the dimensions of the apartments: they simply did not have a single extra square centimeter, which alone cost 5-7 sq. M. m.! A tiny entrance hall, a tiny bathroom and small rooms - these are the main features of the buildings of the Khrushchev period.
The ceilings in these buildings were also low. Their standard height was approximately 2.5 m (in practice, this value varied depending on the design bureau, this the indicator could be 2.45, 2.55 and even 2.60 m).
This height was also dictated by the economy. In fairness, it should be noted that saving does not mean the use of cheap building materials - houses in the Soviet era were always built solidly and efficiently. Reducing the height of the living space significantly reduced heating costs and allowed to increase the number of individual apartments.
For instance, if the ceiling height was 3 meters, then the buildings would have to be built four-story, and this would mean a reduction in the number of premises, which in those years was absolutely unacceptable. Such sizes differed strikingly from the usual stalinkas, so many people felt uncomfortable and called the Khrushchevs "concrete boxes."
At the same time, most Soviet citizens were happy to receive such housing, since for many years they were forced to huddle in barracks and communal apartments.
How to fix a plate defect
Small height is by no means the only minus Khrushchev. In addition to the low location, the ceiling is characterized by a rather uneven surface, which largely limits the use of various options for its finishing.
At the same time, technology does not stand still. The times when the ceiling repair came down to its whitewashing with chalk have passed.Today on the market there are many finishing materials and coatings that can change Khrushchev beyond recognition in a matter of days, make it stylish and visually raise the ceiling.
Relatively low-cost methods of ceiling decoration include:
- painting
- whitewash
- wallpapering,
- installation of ceiling tiles.
In these ways, you can update the ceiling in a small apartment, without taking away precious centimeters.
Let us dwell on them in more detail.
Painting with water-based paint and whitewashing
When deciding to use one of these methods, you should objectively evaluate the surface of the ceiling.
If the coating is uneven, has cracks and other deformations, then it is necessary to carry out work to eliminate them.
By the way, in this case, the full finish of the ceiling can result in additional costs, and sometimes not at all small.
The advantage of coloring and whitewashing is considered to be environmental friendliness and complete safety for the life and health of the inhabitants of the apartment.
Wallpapering
As in the first method, the initial appearance of the coating is crucial when choosing this method of ceiling decoration. If there are irregularities and defects, then it is required to eliminate them first.
The advantage of the method is a wide selection of wallpapers of various shades and textures.
Both methods have a significant drawback: they require prior plastering of the ceiling.
The ceilings in Khrushchev consist of floor slabs, they have differences that appear in the unevenness of the ceiling. To correct the situation and make the coating more aesthetic, need to level the ceiling. If the size of the plates differs from each other by 1-2 cm, then the ceiling can be plastered, but if the difference is deeper, it can be quite dangerous. In addition, surface pretreatment significantly increases the cost of repairs.
For example, there is a ceiling of 18 square meters. m. with differences of 3-5 cm. To even out such a coating, at least 15 bags of plaster will be required. Given that each bag weighs about 30 kg, the total weight of the plaster will be 450 kg. Agree that it’s not very pleasant to live in such an apartment.
Even if the work is done professionally, the idea that such a weight can collapse one day does not inspire optimism. That is why experts recommend using hinged structures.
Ceiling tile
This is an economical option that allows you to improve the condition of the ceiling with minimal cost of money. At the same time, there is no need for preliminary repair of the initial coating: the tile well masks minor surface irregularities.
In addition, a wide range of ceiling tiles of different colors, sizes and textures is presented in construction stores, so you can easily choose the option for any interior.
In previous years, this method was very popular. However, it also has a clear drawback - the boundaries of the tiles and the joints are striking. As a result, the ceiling does not look like an integral coating, but it looks sloppy and careless.
Installation of hinged structures and the installation of gypsum plasterboard ceiling are considered more costly methods, but at the same time more stylish, aesthetic and durable.
Tension
Hinged structures allow you to avoid the costly effort, money and time for preliminary repairs: the stretch ceiling can even be mounted on an uneven and deformed ceiling.
It is believed that tensile structures steal useful centimeters. This is so, but the “damage” is not so great. If the finish does not include the installation of spotlights, then the new ceiling will drop only 3 cm.
If you plan to install additional elements of lighting systems, the level will drop slightly lower - by 10-15 cm.
Drywall
Drywall ceilings allow you to create multi-level structures that will decorate any interior, bring style, luxury and elegance to it. Such a ceiling is easy to refresh: for this, you just need to tint it every two to three years.
How to visually increase the ceiling height
In situations where the ceiling is too low, you can try to increase its height at least purely visually.
Interior designers give several recommendations on this subject:
- give preference to wallpaper and patterns with a vertical print, and you need to paste over the entire wall: from top to bottom, the traditional edging only conceals the height,
- try to shift the emphasis in the room from the ceiling to the walls and floor,
- buy low, soft furniture, and decorate the windows with light weightless tulles on the floor.
If you decide to finish the ceiling with drywall, then try to create a multi-level composition, one edge of which will be underestimated. Due to this, the rest will visually appear higher.
When using a false suspended ceiling opt for glossy materialhaving a slight mirror effect. Such coatings visually expand the space and fill it with light.
Here are some tips for walls and furniture that will also help increase the space of the Khrushchev:
- in the matter of expanding space, mirrors are of no small importance - use them to the maximum, however try not to overdo it,
- installation of borders is not recommended: they visually reduce an already small-sized room,
- create a perspective effect in the room by placing a bright decorative element or interior item in the corner opposite the entrance.
The video below contains tips for visually increasing the low ceiling.
About Khrushchev
The problem in Khrushchev is that during the repair not only the total area is significantly reduced, but also the distance from the floor to the ceilings. Housing is becoming uncomfortable.
If you use suspended ceiling structures, combining them with floor insulation, the ceilings of five-story buildings are significantly reduced in height. Moreover, problems with a tiny area begin already from the entrance, where the entrance doors of the apartments on the landing are almost touching.
The bathroom is often combined with the toilet. The total area of the bathroom is so small that it resembles a utility room. In such an area, it is difficult for one person to turn around. It is difficult to imagine how a person feels slightly above average height, with Khrushchev's small ceilings. Of course, at this height, an uncomfortable state occurs.
It turns out that even small-sized apartments allow you to make a beautiful ceiling covering, despite the small standard height. So, hinged and tensile structures will not work, because they will reduce a small living space. The best option would be pasting the ceiling covering with wallpaper, or laying special plates made of polymer material.
If you really want a tensile structure, then you should not despair. Even with standard apartment ceilings (2.5 m), you can install a design with one level. So that the area of the living room does not decrease, it is necessary to observe the distance between the stretch fabric with the main surface (no more than 3 cm). It is not necessary to integrate lighting devices into the hinged structure, otherwise the volume of the room will also decrease.
Stalin's house
The ceilings of Stalin's houses are much different in height from Khrushchev's, is 3 meters, or higher (up to 3.5). Apartments of this type are spacious, bright, with a large number of utility rooms. As for the porches, the stairwells are also spacious, with high spans, wide window openings.
In addition to a chic footage, the steel houses are distinguished by huge kitchens, wide hallways, spacious bathrooms, and the distance from floor to ceiling. A feature of such houses is the non-standard layout of apartments. The construction of Stalin's houses lasted about 30 years. The houses were built on completely different designs. Therefore, the ceilings of Stalinist houses are different (from 3 to 4.5 meters).
So, there are one-room apartments, the area of which is 60 square meters. And two-room apartments, on the contrary, can be very small (35 squares). Still, the main difference between Stalinist houses can be called the height of the ceilings.
Brezhnevka
Brezhnevka called typical high-rise buildings (5 and 9 floors), built from 1960 to 1980. Compared with the two previous varieties of residential buildings, the layout of such high-rise buildings has become improved. There were elevators with garbage chutes. Stairwells with spans have become a bit more spacious when compared with the small areas of previous buildings.
As for the internal appearance of residential premises, they have also changed. The combined bathrooms disappeared, the bathrooms were equipped with waterproofing. The rooms of many houses became separate, rather than walk-through.
But, the area of the kitchen, toilet with bath still remained small.
However, the ceilings of 5-storey Brezhnev houses remained like the Khrushchev ones, their height is only 2.5 m. Five-storey houses of the Brezhnev type were built according to special projects. So, there was a kind of five-story building with a completely flat roof. Due to such a project, the funds allocated for construction were significantly saved. But, such apartments with small kitchens and sanitary facilities, have small ceilings in the apartment.
New building
In the construction of new homes, various standards apply. Therefore, in new buildings, the height parameters can be different. Elite residential premises are built according to special projects, so apartment surfaces can reach 3 meters. Accordingly, the cost per square meter of living space rises.
Ceilings in monolithic new buildings can be 3 meters high. But, more money is spent on such a project, the cost increases accordingly. The high cost of apartments is explained by the high consumption of materials.
The average standard value in a new type of apartment is considered to be a height of 2.6 to 2.8 m.
Panel house
Panel construction is popular today. The series of projects of such residential buildings differ in number of storeys, the area of residential premises.
Ceilings in panel houses can be different in height (2.5 - 2.7). This parameter depends on the year of construction of the building, the size of the apartments, the materials from which the building was erected.
For example, the ceilings in panel Khrushchev may not reach a height of 2.5, and are 2.48 m. In such apartments, it is problematic to decide on the choice of ceiling cover.
In different years of construction, residential buildings were built according to various projects. The houses differed in the number of apartments on the landing, the width of the window openings, and the internal layout of the living quarters.
So, the parameters of apartment ceilings of a panel house depend on the number of storeys and the material and which the building was built.
Brick house
In Khrushchev's time, both panels and more expensive bricks were used to build residential buildings. But, apartments in brick buildings were still small-sized, cramped.
In brick Khrushchev, there were also standards for height. This figure is not more than 2.5. At the same time, brick buildings can be 4 or 5 storey, most often with flat roofs.
House 9 floors
Panel houses on 9 floors differ in solid parameters, and there are 2.64 ceilings. This is the optimal height. But, such parameters began to be used only until 1995. Later, more economical projects began to be applied in the construction of residential buildings.
But, if we talk about the standards of brick nine-story buildings of the Stalin era, then the distance from the floor to the ceiling space, for some projects, reached 4 meters. Elite Stalinist buildings were with apartments with ceilings of 4.5 meters.
House 5 floors
Standard standards for ceilings in a prefabricated house on 5 floors could be different. The parameter depends on the project series, year of construction, internal layout.
As mentioned above, in the panel Khrushchev, the height was only 2.5 meters.
Today, the best option is the average standard of apartment ceilings, the option of 2.7 meters is considered.
Minimum ceiling height
During the construction of residential buildings, various parameters are taken into account, including the minimum floor to ceiling distance that a residential building may have.
The ceiling height standard at a minimum mark of 2.5 meters is used in modern construction. At the same time, overall construction costs are reduced, the cost per square meter is reduced. This option is considered optimal. But, during the repair work, you have to work hard if you plan to finish the ceiling space.
History of the term and mass construction
The term was introduced by the name of the head of the country, and the trend has been laid from the moment when economy options began to appear next to earlier buildings. Quickly under construction, with the hope of subsequent replacement, were called Khrushchev. Previously, the "Stalin" were built - functional, convenient, designed for long-term operation, they were designed under Stalin.
The houses erected in a severe limit of amenities and resources were built with the aim of the fastest possible resettlement of barracks and communal apartments.
The plans of the state were intentions to provide each family with their own individual space, separate housing.
Sometimes it is mistakenly believed that by this name they mean only modifications of panel five-story buildings. This misconception is based on SNiP, developed in 1958, especially for prefabricated series, in order to limit the concepts and norms of compliance with state standards. Initially, two-, three-story, and 4-story buildings of the following types were built:
According to existing housing standards, houses on 5 floors could still do without an elevator, which, with other options, took a significant part of the allocation not only with the arrangement and necessary mechanisms, but also with subsequent repairs and maintenance.
The beginning of the multi-apartment Khrushchev era
The first experimental options were built back in 1948, in Moscow, Leningrad and Magnitogorsk, but over time it turned out that frame-panel houses cost much more. Since 1958, dense development of houses began, quickly assembled from typical panel parts. This made it possible to simultaneously build entire neighborhoods, and often residential neighborhoods for future happy new settlers.
The creation of the Unified State Catalog of Building Parts greatly facilitated the development of new projects, and the introduction of building codes made them safer. In large settlements, people received apartments in panel Khrushchev.
Special enterprises were opened for the production of building materials, from which delivery was carried out directly to the construction site. It was beneficial to both enterprises and the state. In remote villages and small towns, there was no point in building such plants because of their small volumes, and shipping them by road over long distances was expensive and unprofitable.
An alternative was found in brick Khrushchev, quickly built from silicate brick. It was much cheaper than concrete panels, as well as the construction of a small brick factory that worked for the needs of a limited area.
The ceiling height in Khrushchev is not an average value, the same for all numerous projects developed on the basis of the existing Unified catalog of building parts. This is the parameter defined:
- the series under which the planned house fell,
- material of manufacture (brick or typical panels),
- the year of construction (it is believed that the Khrushchevs were built from 1958 until 1985, although professional disputes are still ongoing regarding terminology),
- introduced design changes (the series could be supplemented and modified, which was accompanied by appropriate marking),
- place of construction (in young and rapidly building cities, the allocated funds could be even shorter, due to the need to build millions of square meters of housing).
So what is the height of the ceilings in Khrushchev - this is not one standard parameter that can be found in the guide to the history of construction. It is necessary, first of all, to know the number of the series to which the house belongs, the year of its construction, the number of floors (4 floors or five).
Of no small importance for determining the ceiling height in an apartment located in the category of these houses is the material of construction (silicate brick from which the Khrushchev building was erected, or typical concrete panels, large blocks made at the city plant of reinforced concrete products.
Common features of period buildings
Despite the metropolitan renovation of the Khrushchevs, which under other conditions would have long been carried out, and the tendency to criticize or criticize such buildings, the construction has completed its task. This was possible only during the period of state planning, when the first experience of wholesale buildings in Moscow, Sverdlovsk and Kuzbass was successful.
In 1950, a decree “On reducing the cost of construction” was adopted, and after 4 years, also in law - a new decree, according to which more than 400 factories and 200 sites of a polygon type were constructed for the manufacture of prefabricated structures and parts from reinforced concrete.
Even before the release of the special SNiP, in 1956 the construction of 4-storey houses in Moscow began, and at the same time, project 1-506 was launched in Leningrad. But in these houses they still adhered to Stalinist characteristics, so the ceilings were high, and the apartments were large and comfortable.
And only in 1957, after the decree "On the development of housing construction in the USSR", the houses began to correspond to the usual idea, and in 1963 the first completion of standard projects was carried out. Whatever the ceilings in the five-story Khrushchev, they were built a lot and quickly, and people were happy, getting separate modern apartments.
They had a lot in common:
- Normal, in comparison with barracks and communal, living conditions.
- Construction on standard designs (of panels, blocks and bricks), almost always 5-story height.
- Preference was given to 1- and 2-room apartments, although 3-room apartments were also built.
- Central heating, sewage and cold water, ventilation and a stove.
Design features of houses
How many meters the kitchen, whether there is a garbage chute and what is the ceiling height in block houses - depended on the project, in some of them it reached 2.7 m.
Contrary to popular belief, not all Khrushchevs were designed for a short term of operation, and not all, like the 1-515 / 5 (515) series, were with ceilings 2.48 m high.
It had its undeniable advantages - for example, batteries on interior partitions, the presence of an attic and a technical floor for communications, good sound insulation and strong load-bearing walls. For how many years the Khrushchevs are designed - also variable.
There are demolitional ones with a service life of 25 years, and there are options for brick construction, where the characteristics are even higher than those built after 1970, with strong walls that allow redevelopment that can last up to 150 years with the correct use and overhaul.
The renovation program in St. Petersburg and Moscow included MKD from short-term developments, which were planned as temporary, or which became unusable after incorrect operation.
See below an interesting video on this topic.
